Umutekano wibikoresho byo murugo uragenda urushaho kuba ingenzi kuri buri wese.Mu rwego rwo kurinda umutekano w'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho byose bishobora guhagarika uruziga byakozwe.Harimo ibikoresho byo gukingira byihuta, abafata inkuba, Ibikoresho bisigaye (RCD cyangwa RCCB), birinda ingufu za voltage.Ariko buriwese ntabwo asobanutse neza itandukaniro riri hagati yubwoko bwibikoresho byo kurinda.Noneho tuzavuga itandukaniro riri hagati yo gukingira surge, abafata inkuba, kurinda ubu kumeneka, kurinda voltage birenze.Twizere ko bishobora gufasha abantu bose.

1. Itandukaniro Hagati yo Kurinda Kurinda no Guhindura Ikirere

(1).Kurinda

Igikoresho cyo gukingira (SPD), kizwi kandi ku izina rya “umurabyo urinda inkuba” na “ufata inkuba”, ni ukugabanya umuvuduko ukabije uturuka ku muvuduko ukabije w'amashanyarazi mu mashanyarazi no ku murongo w'itumanaho kugira ngo urinde ibikoresho.Ihame ryakazi ryayo ni uko mugihe habaye umurongo uhita urenga voltage cyangwa hejuru yumurongo, umurinzi wa surge azakingura kandi asohore umurongo mumurongo vuba.

Ibikoresho bitandukanye byo kurinda birashobora gushyirwa mubwoko bubiri: kurinda imbaraga zo gukingira no gukingira ibimenyetso.
i.Kurinda amashanyarazi birashobora kuba urwego rwa mbere rwokwirinda amashanyarazi, cyangwa urwego rwa kabiri rurinda amashanyarazi, cyangwa urwego rwa gatatu rukingira amashanyarazi, cyangwa urwego rwa kane rukingira amashanyarazi ukurikije ubushobozi butandukanye bwubushobozi bumwe.
ii.Kurinda ibimenyetso byokwirinda bishobora gushyirwa mubyiciro: abashinzwe kurinda ibimenyetso byurusobe, abashinzwe kurinda amashusho, kugenzura batatu-umwe-bashinzwe kurinda, kugenzura ibimenyetso byerekana ibimenyetso, kurinda ibimenyetso bya antenna, n'ibindi.

(2)Igikoresho gisigaye (RCB)

RCD nayo yitwa icyuma gisohora ibintu hamwe na Breakual Current Circuit Breaker (RCCB).Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu kurinda ibikoresho amakosa yamenetse hamwe n’amashanyarazi ku giti cye afite ibyago byica.Ifite imitwaro irenze urugero hamwe nigihe gito cyo kurinda imiyoboro kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mukurinda umuzunguruko cyangwa moteri kurenza urugero hamwe n’umuzunguruko muto.Irashobora kandi gukoreshwa muguhindura gake no gutangira umuzenguruko mubihe bisanzwe.

Hariho irindi zina rya RCD, ryitwa "Ibisigisigi Byumuzunguruko Byasigaye" byerekana umuyaga usigaye.Igabanijwemo ibice bitatu: ikintu cyo gutahura, uburyo bwo kongera intera hagati hamwe na actuator.

Ikintu cyo gutahura - iki gice nikintu kimeze nka zeru ikurikirana ya transformateur.Ibyingenzi byingenzi ni impeta yicyuma (coil) yazengurutswe ninsinga, kandi insinga zidafite aho zibogamiye kandi nzima zinyura muri coil.Byakoreshejwe mugukurikirana ikigezweho.Mubihe bisanzwe, hariho insinga itabogamye hamwe ninsinga nzima muri coil.Icyerekezo kigezweho imbere yinsinga zombi kigomba kuba gihabanye kandi ubunini buriho ni bumwe.Mubisanzwe igiteranyo cyibice bibiri ni zeru.Niba hari ibimeneka mumuzunguruko, igice cyumuyaga kizasohoka.Niba gutahura bikozwe, igiteranyo cya vectors ntikizaba zeru.Bimaze kubona ko igiteranyo cya vectors atari 0, ikintu cyo gutahura kizanyuza iki kimenyetso kumurongo wo hagati.

Hagati yo kongera imbaraga hagati - guhuza intera ikubiyemo amplifier, igereranya nigice cyurugendo.Ikimenyetso cyo kumeneka kiva mubintu byo gutahura cyakiriwe, ihuza rinini rizongerwaho kandi ryoherezwe kuri actuator.

Uburyo bukoreshwa - ubu buryo bugizwe na electromagnet na lever.Nyuma yo guhuza intera hagati yongerera ibimenyetso ibimenyetso bimeneka, electromagnet ihabwa ingufu kugirango itange imbaraga za rukuruzi, kandi lever irashishwa kugirango irangize ibikorwa byo gutembera.

(3) Kurinda amashanyarazi arenze

Kurinda birenze urugero ni ibikoresho birinda amashanyarazi bigabanya inkuba hejuru ya voltage no gukora overv-oltage.Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mukurinda insuline yibikoresho byamashanyarazi nka generator, transformateur, icyuma cyangiza, amabari ya bisi, moteri, nibindi kugirango bitangirika.

2. Itandukaniro riri hagati yo Kurinda Surge, RCB na Kurinda birenze urugero

(1) Itandukaniro hagati ya Surge Protector na RCD

i. RCD nigikoresho cyamashanyarazi gishobora guhuza no guhagarika uruziga nyamukuru.Ifite imirimo yo kurinda kumeneka (umubiri wumuntu wumuriro wamashanyarazi), kurinda imitwaro irenze (kurenza urugero), no kurinda imiyoboro ngufi (umuzunguruko mugufi);

ii.Igikorwa cyo kurinda surge ni ukurinda inkuba.Iyo hari inkuba, irinda imirongo n'ibikoresho by'amashanyarazi.Ntabwo igenzura umurongo niba ifasha mukurinda.

Iyo hari umuzunguruko mugufi cyangwa kumeneka cyangwa umuzenguruko mugufi hasi mukuzunguruka (nkigihe umugozi wacitse, kandi numuyoboro munini cyane), RCD izahita igenda kugirango yirinde gutwika umuzunguruko.Iyo voltage yiyongereye gitunguranye cyangwa inkuba ikubise, umurinzi wa surge arashobora kurinda uruziga kugirango yirinde kwaguka.Kurinda kubaga rimwe na rimwe byitwa gufata inkuba mubuzima bwa buri munsi.

(2) Itandukaniro hagati ya Surge Protector na Over-voltage Protector

Nubwo bose bafite ibikorwa byo gukingira birenze urugero, umurinzi wo kubaga arinda ibyago biterwa na voltage nini hamwe n’umuriro mwinshi uterwa ninkuba.Kurinda birenze urugero birinda ingaruka ziterwa numurabyo cyangwa amashanyarazi ya gride ikabije.Kubwibyo, hejuru ya voltage na over-current iterwa numurabyo byangiza cyane kuruta ibyatewe numuyoboro w'amashanyarazi.

RCD igenzura ikigezweho gusa itagenzuye voltage.Wongeyeho imirimo yo gukingira no gukingira birenze urugero, RCD irashobora kurinda umuyaga na voltage kuburyo ishobora kwirinda izamuka ridasanzwe ryimyuka idasanzwe na voltage byangiza abantu nibikoresho.